THIED SUNDAY m ADVENT.

THE KI’A.SONABLENESS OF ACCEPTING THE OHTJBCH’s UTTEBPIB-
TATION OF HOLY SCRIPTURES.

I Timothy, III, 15.
” The Church, which is the pillar and ground of tho tmth.*

The teachings of the Advent season are perhaps the clear-
est and most definite in the Prayer Book. The thought of
the coming judgment, kept up by the constant repetition of
the collect for the first Sunday, pervades all the services like
a solemn undertone. On the second Sunday, the “Word of
God, and on this, the third Sunday, the Church of God are
then set before us as the Divinely appointed means of pre-
paring for that judgment ; while on the concluding Sunday
the result which ought to flow from the proper use of these
means is suggested to us, viz : the bringing each of us into
closer communion with our Lord so that by His strength
we may gain the victory over those evils which hinder us
in running the race set before us, even our own sins and
wickedness.

On Sunday morning last I spoke of the Holy Scriptures and
endeavored to show how men are at the present day mak-
ing them of none effect by their traditions, i. e., their explana-
tions of the Word of God, which, instead of interpreting it,
really explain away and neutralize its true meaning. Now
we must remember that the true meaning of Scripture
is Scripture, but the great difficulty is — on the theory on
which men in the present day generally proceed — to find out
what that true meaning is ; and that difficulty arises in a
great measure because people have explained away such a
passage as that contained in the text. They havo lost all

B

I

I i

18

idea of the Church as a living body-, the body of Christ. They
have made the Scripture doctrine concerning it of none
effect by their tradition.

The popular idea, widely prevalent at present, is that God
revealed Himself to mankind by means of a book, viz., the
Bible — that those who wrote it, under the influence of the
Holy Spirit, had not much more to do with it than the pens
by which it was written ; that being thus written it became
the duty of every man to read this book and to form his
own faith from it ; that having done so, they were to assem-
ble and form a church in agreement with their idea of its
directions, and to receive its doctrines and precepts as they
severally understood them. Each person is to interpret
the Book for himself, and the theory in the minds of most
men among us at the present day, is that that we do, in
some way, think for ourselves in religion with the Bible only
as our authority. It is not true — it is a mere fallacy which
people practice upon themselves, but they like to fancy that
it is so. The fact is, and it is one for which we should
be deeply thankful, that the majority of earnest persons —
whether they are conscious of it or not — accept the Bible
very much in the sense which the church gives it — reading
it in the only rational way, viz : in the light of the creeds,
catechism ajid liturgy of the Church which Holy Scripture
says is the Pillar and Ground of the truth.

Now let us look for a moment at this theory which is in
such high favor with the multitude, and at some of the
results flowing from it. According to it, every man is to
interpret the Bible for himself. I will not dwell on the
very important fact of the impossibility of every man being
able to prove satisfactorily that what we call the Bible is
really such. There is no doubt that it is so, but it is impos-
sible for every man tojp7’ove it by his own unaided powers
and reason. But, supposing that point is granted, how is

it^i-iUi

19

it. They
of none

that God
viz., the
ce of the
the pens
t became
form hia
to assem-
lea of its
3 as they
interpret
J of most
ve do, in
5ible only
icy which
ancy that
re should
persons —
he Bible
—reading
e creeds,
Scripture

lich is in
le of the
nan is to
1 on the
an being

Bible is
is impos-
1 powers

how is

every man to ascertain and decide upon its true meaning I
” Oh,” people say, ” you have only to read it carefully and
pray for guidance and you will be sure to be led to the
truth.” That is easily said, but is it true ? If it is, how are
we to account for the indisputable fact that men of honesty,
learning and devoutness differ so widely? Churchmen, Ro-
man Catholics, Presbyterians, Quakers, Baptists, Congrega-
tionalists, Unitarians, ITniversalists, and many more, read it
earnestly, and pray over it devoutly, and yet they come to
conclusions as to its meaning which are utterly and abso-
lutely irreconcileable. In point of fact it is a Book which is,
and (if it is what we hold it to be) must be, very deep and
difficult. It is not, whatever men may say, to be treated
” like any other book,” and its difficulty andmysteriousness is
evident from the one undeniable fact of the variety ol interpre.
tation, of which it is the subject. If there was no difficulty
in understanding it ; if ” every man ” is competent to do so,
there would be no difference of opinion regarding its mean-
ing. In fact, as you remember, St. Peter says expressly
that it is difficult, and because of this difficulty it is also
dangerous, unless properly used. He says that in some parts
are ” things hard to be understood.” Here is the acknow-
ledgment of the difficulty, and these difficult passages, he
adds, ” they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they
also the other Scriptures do to their own destruction,”
which is surely a sufficiently alarming statement con-
cerning the danger of the misuse of the Word of God.
This, I repeat, is what St. Peter, speaking by the Holy Ghost,
distinctly asserts — but I shall not be in the least surprised
to hear next week that, as the penalty of quoting his words,
I am charged with stating publicly that it is a highly dan-
gerous thing for the people generally to read the Bible,
which, of course, is exactly contrary both to what I think
and what I say. But though this is the statement of St,

20

I !

Peter, few men now-a-days, however, unlearned or unstable,
hesitate to set themselves up as the final judges — each, in his
own case — of what is scriptural or unscriptural, and hence
what one man declares to bo in accordance with the “Word
of God, the next asserts to be rank heresy ; and, if one of
these be equal to the other in general intelligence and hon-
esty of purpose, it is very difficult to see why, upon the pop-
ular theory of every man being his own interpreter — one is
not just as likely to be right as the other.

A great stir has of late years been made by the publica-
tions of Dr. Colenso. lie is a man whose native powers of
intellect are undoubtedly great. His attainments in some
branches of science arc conspicuous, and his general acquire-
ments far above the average. He must also be a sincere
and bold man or he Avould never, for the sake of his convic-
tions, have ventured to place himself in such a position or
have incurred such a storm of opposition as he has volun-
tarily done. But it is hard to see why — on the popular the-
ory, raind^ie should be so denounced. He has only done
what that theory loudly declares is a right thing to do.
He has examined the Scriptures for himself and formed his
own opinions of them and from them. You think his opinions
wrong. / am certain they are heretical ; but on what do
we base this conviction ? Are we better able to interpret
Scripture than he is ? , Are we so superior to him in powers
and attainments that our views must be right and his wrong ?
Have we given any greater evidence of sincerity than he
has done ? and, if not, if on the contrary, in all these par-
ticulars, we, as individuals, stand far below him, why should
not HE be more likely to be right than w^e are, i. ower8 of
\ in some
acquire-
a, sincere
8 convic-
sition or
as volun-
)ular the-
nly done
to do.
rmed liis
opinions
what do
interpret
n powers
3 wrong ?
than he
lose par-
y shouhl
if it be
and re-
ite inter-
e of pop-
diat this

21

prevailing theory requires as a right thing to do — is a wrong
thing ; a thing that God never intended that we should do, and
I assert that the Holy Scriptures should be devoutly read, but
with quite another purpose than that of each one manufac-
turing from them a system of opinion and doctrine for himself.

For example, I have no manner of doubt or question that
the writer who has been referred to is a heretic in the Scrip •
ture sense of the term ; that he has assaulted the very foun-
dations of Christianity, and that he has done what in him
lies to take the very heart out of the Gospel ; but the absolute
firmness of this conclusion could not possibly arise from any
idea of equality ,with much less superiority to the writer allud-
ed to, either in original mental power or in those attainments
which fit us for the investigation of difficult subjects. On
the contrary, there is no comparison to be made in the case,
but that fact does not in the least degree disturb the abso-
lute rest with which I entertain my convictions, because I
base them not on anything so utterly weak and worthless
as my individual powers of settling such questions, but on
the immoveable foundation of the decisions of the whole
Church of the living God — that Church which the Scripture
says is the Pillar and Ground of the truth.

Now, let me try to show you why we hold it to be a most
reasonable thing thus to rest upon the decisions of the
Church of God. That our Heavenly Father revealed Him-
self to mankind by means of a book is simply not true. He
never has done what (on the popular theory referred to)
many well meaning people suppose Him to have done. Pie
revealed Himself to us, the Scripture says, by His Son—
” God, who at sunJiry times and in divers manners, spake
unto the fathers by the Prophets, hath in these last days
spoken unto us by His Son.” That Blessed Son Who is
Himself the Truth, and by Whom grace and truth eame,com-
mitted the deposit of the faith to those chosen men whom

, ,,,

!

i

I

i i

i

4::

22

He had chosen, and whom alone He appointed and com-
missioned to build up, rule and teach His Church. ” Go
TB,” He said, ” and make disciples of all nations. Go ye
and baptize them. Go te and teach them to observe all
things that I have commanded you, and lo I am with you
(and with you only) always, even unto the end of the world.”
They obeyed this Divine command — they organized, devel-
oped and governed His Church, which i& the pillar and
ground of the truth. The truth at that time could have no
other possible ground or pillar, for the world was lying in
darkness. By the instrumentality ot those whom our Lord
appointed, multitudes ^^ ere brought into it, trained in the
ways of holiness, and fitted for the hour of death and for
the Day of Judgment, who never saw one word of the New
Testament, for the best of all reasons, that not one word of
it was written. Yet inasmuch as they were taught by those
who were commissioned by our Lord and inspired by His
Spirit, no one, I suppose, doubts that they held the faith in
its purity and completeness. But since the fallibility ot
man was likely to corrupt the faith, it became necessary in
course of time, that the history of our Lord’s life should be
written, and certain epistles, growing out of various exig-
encies of the time, were, in the course of years, addressed
by the Apostles to several branches of the one Church
which they had founded and instructed in the faith. These
writings were eventually declared by the Church to be in-
spired by the Holy Ghost and to set forth Divine proof and
evidence of those truths which she was commissioned to tea ^h.
It never entered the mind of any primitive christian that he
was to take these writings and form from them his own creed,
irrespective of the teachings and authority of the Church
which placed them in his hands. St. Luke, you remember,
expressly says that having had perfect understanding of all
things from the yeiy beginning, he had undertaken to set them

23

id com-
. “Go

Go YB

lerve all

dth YOU

world.”

[, devel-

lar and

have no

lying in

ur Lord

1 in the

and for

he New

word of

by those

by His

faith, in

jillty ot

ssary in

ould be

IS exig-

dressed

Church

These

be in-

♦oofand

tea ‘jh.

that he

n creed,

Church

lember,

g of all

let them

forth in his Gospel. “Why ? That those to whom he wrote
might know the certainty of those things wherein they had
BEEN instructed, i, e. had been instructed by the already exist-
ing Church long before the Gospel had been written. If any
one had taken these writings (as so many in later years have
done) and worked out from them a sense altogether different
from that in which the disciples had been previously instruct-
ed, it must necessarily have been a wrong sense. It might, by
some specious and ingenious wresting of the words, be made
to looh as if it was supported by Scripture, but it could not
be so, for those who by the inspiration of the Holy Ghost
had taught the disciples before the Scriptures were written,
could not, by the inspiration of the same Spirit, have in-
structed them in a different and conflicting set of truths in the:
Kew Testament. The real meaning of Scripture (which
alone is Scripture) must have been known to those to whom
it was originally addressed,^ecause they were fully instructed
by those by whom it was written, and therefore we are safe
only when we receive it and understand it in the sense in.
which it is held by the Church of the Living God, which is
the pillar and ground of the truth. And now, although I
must trespass somewhat on your patience by detainiiig you
a little longer than it is our custom to do, I am unwilling,
to leave my argument incomplete, which would neces-
sarily be the case if I was to stop now. The subject is im-
portant, and ought not to be without interest, seeing that it
refers to a matter which has been a source of perpJexity to
many honest minded persons. Any one who has followed
the train of reasoning which I am endcavoiing to set forth,
will probably say,’ that after all, the difficulty has been re-
moved only one step further off, but has met with no solu-
tion. The question was how shall we know the true mean-
ing of Holy Scripture ? and we are told that we are to un-
derstand it in the sense held by the Church^ But how are

24

I tin!

\\P

we to be certain what that sense is, and which of the con-
flicting branches of the Church we are to obey ? The Ori-
ental or Greek Church, by refusing to accept certain words
in the Kicene creed, seems to deny that the Holy Ghost
proceeds from the Son as well as from the Father — the Ro-
man Church imposes on its members the new dogma of the
Imacculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin ; the Anglican
Church sets forth much that many pi ous nonconfonnists reject.
A so-called (Ecumenical Council is next year to be held in
Rome, and judging from the past, it may set forth some new
article of faith which was never heard of before. Are people
to accept that, too, as the true sense of Scripture? These
are perfectly reasonable questions, and the answer to them
is contained in the famous rule of Tertullian, a writer of the
second century, which is this : ” Whatever is lirst is true,
whatever is later is adulterate.” Since the Church of the
living God has by man’s sins been rent into three parts, the
Greek, Roman and Anglican, she has lost her voice, (so to
speak), or if she speaks she has not the assurance which she
once possessed of speaking rightly. The promise of being
led into all truth cannot be justly claimed by any one part
of the Church, because it was given to the whole and not
to any particular section of it. It is only those inter-
pretations of the Holy Scriptures therefore which she gave
when she was one and undivided, that are of unquestionable
authority. When in God’s good time she shall again be one,Qh.e
will be enabled once more to speak with a voice unhesitat-
ing and irresistible, but not before. But thank God we do
not need any fresh definitions of the faith. It was once
for all delivered to the Saints long before Holy Scripture
was written ; and in her undivided days the Church, the
pillar and ground of truth, told us what that faith was with
perfect distinctness and appeals to the Word of God to prove
the certainty of those tilings in which she instructs us. She

25

has spoken in the ancient Catholic creeds, in her liturgies, for-
mularies, sacraments and rites, and from these we may, if we
will, readily and certainly learn her decisions on all the great
articles of the faith. This is the doctrine of the Church of
England on the subject,as every one may see who will examine
the XXth Art.,wherein it is said that the Church is the keeper
or guardian of Holy Scripture— tlie witness to its true meaning
and is of authority in controversies of faith: i.e.she has author-
ity to decide them, and yet that it re not lawful for her be-
cause it would be a violation of her special office, to ordain
anything that is contrary to God’s Word written, or so to
expound one place of Scripture as to be repugnant to an-
other. But, how, it will be asked, does she exert this au-
thority and express her decision on controverted points ?
That is a question not hard to answer. There is e. g.: a
long standing controversy about the government of the
Church by Bishops, Priests and Deacons. She decides the
point for us with no hesitating voice. She says : ” It is evi-
dent unto all men, diligently reading Holy Scripture and
ancient authors that from the Apostles times there have been
these orders ofministers in Christ’s Church, Bishops, Priests
and Deacons.” (pref to ordinal in the Prayer Book.) There is
another controversy about infant baptism. She gives her in-
terpretation of Holy Scripture on the point by ordering that
her people shall not delay the baptism of their children longer
than the first or second Sunday after their birth. There is
another dispute about the eifect of baptism ; but her de-
cision is most clear and difinite for she requires her minis-
ters, after the baptism of every child, to thank God that He
hath been pleased to regenerate that child by His Holy
Spirit. There is another controversy about the benefits of
the Holy Communion and the reality of Christ’s presence.
She decides the controversy by saying that we spiritually
eat the flesh of Christ and drink His blood, which she fur-

36

tlier asserts are verily cmd indeed taken and received by the,
faithful in the Lord’s Supper. So with the Calvinist, the.
Unitarian and Universalist controversies. She speaks on
those subjects with a clear and delinite voice, and these de-
cisions are not those of the Church ot England only, but of
the whole Catliolic Church. They were unquestioned with-
in her vast and undivided communion for 1 ,500 years. Chris-
tians from the beginning had been instructed in them by
the Church, and Holy Scripture was afterwards written that,
they might know the certainty of those things in which,
they had been previously instructed. A few men arose some.
1500 years after Christ and set themselves to deny the teach-
ings of the Primitive Church on these points and drew from
the Holy Scripture a new sense which had never been heard
of before, and which, being new, must consequently be false.
Against the presumption of such a proceeding, the English
branch of the Catholic Church emphatically protests. She.
warns her clergy that they teach nothing but what is in .
agreement with the doctrine of “the ancient fathers and
Catholic doctors (i. e., teachers) of the Church,” for she
holds it to be a monstrous supposition that the Church of
the living God, which is the pillar and ground of the truth?
should everywhere have been wrong for 1500 years, and that
Christ should, contrary to His own promise, have allowed
the gates of Hell to prevail against it, which would have
been the case had she been allowed to deny the faith.

The reply to all this is a very natural one, and is doubt-
less present at this moment in the minds of many of those
who have taken the trouble to follow the argument which
has been set before them. It is this : how can all this bo
so plain and definite as you endeavor to make out, when it
is a fact which is notorious that many, even among the clergy
themselves, hold the most opposite opinions on many of these
points ? That is simply the result of men prefelring their

97

I by the.
list, the
saks on
lese de-
^, but of
id with-
Chris-
aem by
ten that.
. which,
se some
e teach-
jw from
n heard
)e talse.
English
B. She
it is in.
srs and
for she
Lureh of
B truth)
nd that
illowed
d have

H.

doubt-
‘ those
which
this be
v^hen it
; clergy
)f these
g their

own private interpretations to the teaching and theory of
the Church, and this leads me to conclude with one piece of
plain, practical advice. “When a clergyman is officiating in
the reading desk, at the font, or at tha altar, his voice is
the voice of the Church ; for he is allowed to add nothing of
his own to her creeds, offices or liturgy ; but in private con-
versation, or in the pulpit, it is his own voice and therefore
you have no security against error, unless his words are in
agreement with those of the Church, because he may choose
to put his own private interpretation upon the Holy Scrip-
ture instead of taking her explanation of it. Therefore it is
a safe rule always to believe him when in the desk, or else-
where, he uses the Divine offices, and always disbelieye him
when in the pulpit he contradicts what he had uttered
when speaking as the mouth-piece of the Church.

Such things unhappily do happen. A clergyman will, at
the font, thank God that it hath pleased God to regenerate
some child whom he has just baptised, and in the pulpit will
immediately afterwards declare that to suppose that children
are necessarily regenerated in baptism is “a soul destroy-
ing heresy.” JBoth cannot possibly be right. Which is
most likely to be so — the whole Church of the living God,
in all time and in every place — the Church which St. Paul
says is the pillar and ground of the truth, or the individual
clergyman who, on the strength of his own personal infalli-
bility, undertakes to pronounce her wrong ?

My sermon has been a long chain of dry and, perhaps to
some, rather hard reasoning, and I have now no time and
you can have no patience for exhortation or what is called
” practical application.” I hope, however, on Sunday morn-
ing next, D. Y., to point out (if I shall find the time for the
necessary preparation) what ought to be the effect upon our
souls, of a due, reverent and reasonable use of the Word of
God and of the Church of God. I have endeavored to b©

28

as clear and explicit as possible. I set forth these views in
no spirit of dogmatism ; I simply state them as conclusions
to which honest thought and such poor reading as a busy
life permits, has brought the mind of one who has not
been insensible to the doubts and difficulties which
encompass so important a subject, and I pray God that they
may be instrumental in leading others to the same restfulness
of mind, which they have conferred upon myself. The
Word of God is the sheet anchor of our hopes in these
dangerous days, but its value depends upon our understand-
ing it rightly. Take away from us its blessed light, or
misinterpret its holy teachings, and we are left without
comfort in this life and without hope tor the life to come.

SECOND SUNDAY IN ADVENT, 1868.

god’s word made of none effect by man’s tradition.

St. Mark VII, 13.

•’ Making the word of God of none effect through your traditions.”

The Saviour’s rebuke to the Pharisees, which this text
contains, arose from the fact that Avhile Almighty God, by
the mouth of His servant Moses, had distinctly commanded
His people to honour their parents, a traditional explanation
of this law made it without effect, by leading the people to
suppose that they were complying with the Divine Will,
at the very moment when they were openly disobeying the
plain letter of the word of God. Now on this Sunday, the
Church, by her services, leads us to consider the Holy
Scriptures as a means of preparing for the second advent of
our Lord — and doubtless one great reason why there is so
little readiness for that event is, that though pro.
fessing a great regard for Scripture, we do really to a
very fearful extent make it of no effect by our traditions.
The Bible speaks with great distinctness of a coming day.
when the last fearful struggle shall take place between faith
and unbelief, between Christ and Anti-Christ, and it seems
to me, hardly possible to doubt, that this last strife is rapidly

I

\

11

IS so

approacliing. It is clear from Holy Scripture that Anti-Christ
is to be a great infidel power, and not any form of Christianity
however corrupt we may esteem it to be. It may be thought
strange that an injldel Anti-Christ should arise in a Christian
country, or stranger still, that if he should do iso he should
find the multitudes to follow him which Scripture predicts.
But we must bear in mind that the ultimate development of
this great infidel power, will be only the completion of a
system of unbelief, for which there has been a long preparation.
That preparation is going on now. It is making great pro-
gress not only among those who are consciously laboring for
this «^nd, but among those who would be utterly shocked at
the idea of infidelity. Now one of the most alarming signs of
this state of things is apparent in the way in which Holy
Scripture is treated by many of the educated and intellectual
classes, and the manner in which it is made of none effect by
corrupt traditions prevailing among the masses of the people.
The tendencies of the former class have of late years become
very definite and pronounced. They have found their most
distinct utterances in the heretical publications of the deposed
Bishop c^ Natal, Dr. Colenso, who pronounces the Old
Testamc > be ” unhistorical,” i. e. unworthy of belief,
and who eliminates from, or drops out of the New Testa-
ment, those special doctrines of grace, which form the only
hope and comfort of sinful men like ourselves.

He finds a large amount of sympathy and support among
men. of that school of thought, who are known as Broad
Churchmen; men who in the celebrated “Essays andReviews”
gave such a specimen of what they called ^\free handling^” oi
the Word of God as shocked every one who devoutly believes
the Bible to be a revelation from heaven. It is much to be
lamented, that the opinions of these persons are more or
less adopted by many of the scientific men of the day, and
by many of the younger members of the educated classes.

‘ i

12

But the same evil tendency is manifesting itself every-
where, and (though in a more latent and insidious form) is
making itself apparent among people who profess the most
unbounded regard for the Bible, and claim to be distinctively
and specially religious. The peculiar form in which this
unbelieving spirit shews itself in the latter class, is in making
the Word of God of none effect, becausb they do not take
it just as it stands, but insist on understanding it, not ac-
cording to its plain literal meaning, but according to
tradition, i. e. to some erroneous explanation devised by
some individual or party, and handed down as the true inter-
pretation. Pert,ons who accept these traditions,can sometimes
be forced to acknowledge that Scripture does say things
which are very contrary to their opinions, but they at once
get out of the difficulty by falling back on their tradition
which proves, (to them at least) that it does not mean what
it says. Thus the authority of the Holy Scripture is being
rapidly undermined, the force of its teachings is neutralized
and the way prepared for the denial of its inspiration. Now
the secret ot this strong tendency, to make the Bible speak,
not according to its own tenor, but in conformity with
what we think it ought to say, is owing to weakness of faith,
to a spirit of latent unbelief, and to the strong inclination,
everywhere apparent, to judge of the credibility of its state-
njents by the test of our reason. Prompted by these
influences, we adopt a tradition or devise an explanation,
which relieves us from the difficulties which we find in
Holy Scriptures by explaining them away, and this applies
both to doctrines and duties.

Take for example, the fact, that the Bible speaks constantly
of something which it calls, ” the Kingdom of Heaven”^ and
” the Kingdom of God.”” Now what can this expression
mean? It cannot (in a multitude of places) mean the King-
dom of Glory on High, for this simple reason that it is des-

every-
irm) i3
le most
ctively
sli this
nailing
>t take
not ac-
ing to
sed by
e inter-
letimes
tilings
at once
•adition
m what
3 being
tralized

Now
} speak,
;y Avitli
Df faith,
ination,
ts state-

these

mation,

find in

applies

istantly
^n” and
pression
e King-
it i& dea-

ls

cribed as being made” up of good and bad. We are therefore
forced to the conclusion that it must mean the Church of
Christ on Earth. N’ow what does Holy Scripture say about
this Kingdom. It says that it is like a net in which there
are good fi,:h and bad — like a field in which there are wheat
and tares — like a vine with dead branches and living ones —
like a company of ten virgins of ^\ horn five were wise and five
were foolish — like a threshimx floor whereon is Iving wheat
and chaff” — it it> a body, of which our Lord is the Head — a
bride of whom lie is the Sponse — a Kingdom of which he
is the King, and this Kingdom was built up upon the foun-
dation of the Apostles and Prophets, Jesus Christ himself,
being the head corner stone. Therefore as the foundations
of a building are its beginning, so this Kingdom must have
had its commencement with those who were its founders, and
it could not possibly have had any subsequent beginning —
and the Kingdom thus begun was to have no End, but was
to last for ever.

1^0 w from these statements of Holy Scripture what in-
ferences can be drawn but that the Church is one. Why
Because our Lord likens it to things that are one. He says
it is like a field — a net — a threshing floor — a vine &c., &c.
Kext we must infer that it must be visible : why ? because
He says that it is lihe things which can be seen. Again it
is clear that it must be made up of good and evil, for He says
it is like a field with wheat and tares — a net with good fish
and bad. It is further manifest that this one visible
kingdom was begun by our Lord, in Judea, 1800 years ago,
and the express promise of Holy Scriptures is that it should
never be destroyed but that He should be with it always
even unto the end of the world. Now as you all know, this
is what Holy Scriptures says, but do the bulk of the people
among us, who profess to prize the Scriptures, believe it ?
By no ineans. They scoff at it — they denounce it — they are

u

bitterly set against it: why? because they, unconsciously,
make the Word of God of none effect by a most untenable
tradition. They are indeed compelled by the force of Scrip-
ture to admit, though, in a sense altogether different from
that of Holy Scripture that the kingdom of heaven, i. e. the
Church of Christ on earth is one, but instead of being, as our
Lord says it is, like something that can be seen, they hold it
to be invisible. Instead of being made up of good and bad —
wheat and tares, as our Lord calls them ; they teach that
this invisible church of their own devising, is made up of the
good only ; that its outward form is left to the mere will and
inclination of men, that it may be rent into a thousand sepa-
rate and complicating atoms, which may take their rise at any
time or place, and through the instrumentality of any person,
and then may pass away, to be reproduced again in some
other form. The great doctrine of the unity of the Church,
which is the Body of Christ, of which the Scripture em-
phatically says, that there is but “one body,” is made utterly
without effect, by this most preposterous tradition. The
practical result is, that we have multitudes of what are called
” Churches” which were not founded by Christ, which did
not originate in Judea, and which instead of dating back for
more than 1800 years are but of yesterday. The consequence
is that the Saviour’s dying prayer is not fulfilled. We are
not one^ and therefore the world does not believe that He
came to be its Redeemer.

The very same thing can be conclusively proved witli
reference to the doctrines of Holy Baptism, Holy Com-
munion and many others. The Scriptures speak clearly,
positively, distinctly, but men stumble at its hard sayings and
make them of none effect, through their corrupt traditions.

As it is with doctrines so it is with duties, but time will
not allow me to dwell upon them. I shall refer only to one.
M!any able and earnest men have shown, as I believe, con-

16

clusively that Holy Scripture demands from Christians the
tenth of all their increase for the honor ot God, and I am
aware of only one work in which this view of the subject has
been attempted, to be formally disproved. That work has
been answered over aiul over again ; but do the bulk of
those V ho are ever lauding the Holy Scriptures, believe
what they say on this subject, and endeavour to practice
the pr3cepts which tliey confessedly contain ? On the con-
trary, the notion of such obedience rather tends to excite
the merriment of those who are exhorted to it and the “Word
of God, in this, as so in many other points, is made of none
effect through human tradition. And as with doctrines and
duties, so with sins. For example, though the Bible says
that there should be no division amongst us, that there should
be no schism in the Body of Christ, that we should be perfect-
ly joined together in the same mind and in the same judg-
ment, that divisions are a great sin, the sign 6f a weak, carnal,
sensual state and that those who cause them should be avoid-
ed ; though the Bible says this and much more than this, do
people really believe it ? Not at all my Brethren, they laugh
at or resent as bigotry the idea of regarding schism as a
sin, and thus they make the Word of God of none effect
by their tradition.

Now, my Christian Brethren, let me impress upon you
that this is not only a great but it is a growing evil. These
are not the only doctrines which are being undermined and
denied in consequence of corrupt tradition. The doctrines
of the Eternity of punishment, of the ever blessed Trinity,
of the Atonement and Divinity of our Lord are being ex-
posed to the same influences, and those who are trying to
lead the popular mind in this direction will not be satisfied
until they banish from the minds of their followers the
idea that there is anything supernatural in Christianity,
and if that be the case it is not worth contending for.

16

Take away the truth of the Bible, either by direct atisault or
by corrupt tradition, and you leave us upon the dark and
stormy sea of this life without compass to steer by, or rudder
to direct us. We cannot then be ready for the judgment
for we know not whether there is to be a judgment at all,
nor can wo be sure even of the existence of another life.
I’here caa be no hope for us amidst our sins, no comfort in
our sorrow^, no peace amid the manifold perturbations ot
this uneasy life, because all assurance of future pardon, and
rest and glory would then be taken away. As then we
value all the inestimable blessings which our Holy Faith
confei*s, as we hope for calmness on the bed of death and
a holy boldness on the day of judgment, let us hold fast
to every tittle of the Word of God. Let us beware how
we venture to explain away its explicit language under the
influence of popular and erroneous tradition, and when
doubt, — real, honest, anxious doubt as to what our Lord’s
will is, arises in our mind, let us remember that the Church
of Christ is the keeper of Holy Writ and the witness as to
Hs true meaning, and that she is of authority in controver-
sies of faith. How it is that she gives her decision on con-
troverted points, and the reasonableness and safety of
yielding to her authority may perhaps engage our attention
upon Sunday evening next.

ADVENT SUNDAY, 1868.
BY
WILLIAM STEWART DARLING,
RECTOR ASSISTANT.

Isaiah II, 19.

“And they shall go into the holes of the rocks and into the caves of the
earth for fear of the Lord, for the glory of His majesty when He
ariseth to shake terribly the earth,”

Again, my brethren, the Advent season with all its solemn
warnings is upon us. The lesson from which the text is taken
though referring in its primary application to the judgment
which God inflicted upon His ancient people for their multi-
plied rebellions, will have a future and more complete fulfil-
ment at the judgment day, and hence the appropriateness of
its selection for the present season. The whole tone of the
Church’s services is changed — they no longer speak to us as
they have lately done, of the calm, ordinary, everyday du-
ties which man owes to his fellow man, for the love of Christ,
but they startle us with the thought of judgment and the
terrors of the last great day. They remind us that He who
once came in great humility to redeem, will come again in
glorious majesty to judge the world. Concerning this coming
there is no word of doubt, no tone of uncertainty, no trace of
hesitation. He will surely come; as surely as the shades
of night are now brooding over us; as surely as we are now
living men and women, so surely every eye shall see Him,
There is no possibility of escaping from those dread solemni-
ties, no whither to flee where His hand shall not reach
us. From the holes of the rocks, from the caves of the
earth, yea, though the hills should fall on us and the moun-
tains should cover us, we shall be brought forth to receive
the just reward of our deeds. From the still graves of quiet
churchyards; from fields of mortal strife, where thousands
upon thousands have found their last resting place; from
the depths of the unfathomed sea, we shall be summoned;
and at that summons, both the earth and ocean shall give
up their dead, and in the twinkling of an eye the living
shall be changed. Whoever, whatever, wherever we may be
we shall be called with a word of power that shall prove to be
irresistible. Though our ears may have been for ages deaf
even to the voices of the thunder or the earthquake, that
voice which shall then ring throughout the world shall
arouse us from our slumber, and whether we will or not we
must come forth— you, and you, and I, to be judged for the
things done in the body. Oh, what a dream, do we for the
most part hold this to be ! How hard to give it anything
like reality ! We think of it as something which may, per-
haps, happen to others, but hardly as a scene in which we shall
take part. But it is not so, it is not so my brethren! We
shall see it in all its dread solemnity — it will one day
— we cannot tell what day — break upon us either amid our
workday ongoings, or it shall arouse us from our sleep even if
it has lasted a thousand years, and oh, what a wakening that
will be! To see the sign of the Son of Man in heaven, and
hear the voice of the Archangel and the trump of God de-
claring that time shallt be no longer. Oh, how strange a
being is man, who, with all this before him — with the abso-
lute, inevitable certainty of judgment to come, can yet
put it out of his thoughts, and suffer his mind, and soul and
heart, to be taken up, absorbed and carried away by the
trifles of this world, the pleasures, the profits, the cares and
the sins of a life like this, so fleeting, so uncertain, so
unsatisfactory, even at the very best!

And this is, perhaps, still more wonderful, when we come
to remember that judgment is not only certain to come, but
that the time of its coming is uncertain. The whole tenor
of the New Testament warns us to watch, on this very
ground, that we know not when the Son of Man cometh.
It speaks to us of the perpetual duty, never to be relaxed,
of watching for the day of God. It dwells on the necessity
of being ready, not so much for death, as for judgment, and
it warns us that our Lord may come at a time when we
think not, and at an hour when we are not aware. I have
seen it recently pointed out that in this, as in so many other
particulars, we have fallen into unscriptural ways, both of
speech and thought. “We talk of death being the inevitable
end of all men, a fact which the Bible does not countenance,
inasmuch as it sets forth the coming of the Lord to judg-
ment as the event which shall startle multitudes of living
men, amidst their usual avocations, so that a thousand mil-
lions of our race shall probably never know by experience
what is meant by death. Yet this momentous event is little
thought of. We are apt to say ” Where is the promise of
His coming, for all things continue as they were from the
foundation of the world,” and this unbelief of the nearness
of His coming is foretold as one of the signs that forewarns
us that when men are saying peace and safety, then the
sudden destruction which shall fall upon unbelievers at the
coming of the Lord, may be close at hand.

We, my brethren, have fallen upon strange times, and to
many a thoughtful mind they look as though we were upon
the verge of the last days. I cannot now advert to what
these tokens are, but seeing that lie who will come, may
come at evening or midnight, at cock crowing or in the
morning, therefore let us watch and turn from our sins, and
seek the Lord while He may be found, in those fuller and
more frequent services by which the Church marks her
solemn Advent-tide. For think how terrible are to be the
consequences of that coming, to multitudes, whensoever it
shall be. They shall go into the holes of the rocks and into
the caves of the earth for Fear of the Lord, and for the
glory of His Majesty when He ariseth to shake terribly the
earth. And why this terror which shall in that day seize
upon the souls of the guilty and unbelieving? Why, but
because of the deep and bitter reproaches of their own
consciences, warning them with no uncertain voice that
judgment for them can end only in condemnation. That
voice within, often makes men tremble even now — but O,
with what awful and irresistible conviction will it speak on
that day. And how will it be with us then? How would
it be with us now if upon the darkness of this present night
we should see the sudden dawning of the eternal day, or if
to-morrow we were to be startled amidst our worldly em-
ployments by a light above the brightness of the sun, and
we were to behold all heaven aglow with the radiant forms
of the angel host who shall surround the Son of Man when
He shall come to judgment ? Should we be able to lift up
our heads with a solemn joy, in which awe should be tem-
pered with thankfulness, that our warfare was at length
accomplished, and that our redemption, our full redemption
from sin, and evil, and suffering, from weariness and disap-
pointment, and dissatisfaction had at length drawn nigh?
Or should we flee to the holes of the rocks and to the caves
of the earth, and pray the hills to fall on us and the moun-
tains to cover us from the wrath of the Lamb whose love
and long suffering we have neglected or despised?

And who are those who in that day of wrath shall flee away
in terror, and with despairing voice and gesture implore the
blessing of annihilation? Those, brethren, who are openly
profane — those who are deliberately wicked — those who live
without scruple in drunkenness, sensuality, and vice — those
who mock at holy things, and scoff at righteousness and the
love of God. These and such as these, however bold and
daring now in all that is evil, shall flee from the coming of
the Son of Man with terror for which words can find no
utterance, and yet they shall flee in vain. Those too, whose
only standard of right and wrong is that of this evil world
— who labor for its gains and live for its pleasures — who
scruple not for a moment to break the law of God, if it will
advance their interest or add to their enjoyment — who hesi-
tate not at fraud or vice if they can so practice them as to
escape the censure of the world : the plausible over-reacher
in business — the secret sensualist — the adroit liar — these
shall in that day have the flimsy veil with which they seek
to conceal their true character rent away for ever, and they
shall vainly seek to escape from the wrath of God and of
the Lamb.

Those too who would shrink from such a course as these
pursue, but who nevertheless have no higher rule of conduct
than worldly honor or public opinion; who, though not
conspicuously wanting in the ordinary duties which they
owe to man, are manifestly wanting in the devotional duties
which they owe to God ; who have no love for, no longing
after heavenly things, and whose regard for, or attention to
any religious duties is prompted by a regard for respecta-
bility rather than by the fear of God, — what can these do
but flee from Him “Whom they have neither loved nor served,
to the holes of the rocks and to the caves of the earth for
fear of the Lord and for the glory of His majesty when He
ariseth to shake terribly the earth ?

Those too who are practising the sad self-deception upon
themselves of being satisfied with some system of religious
doctrine, or the observance or non-observance of some re-
ligious forms, without any real deep seated principle in the
heart or any real practical consistency in the life, what can
tliere be for them in that day but terror, passing words. Oh,
my Christian Brethren, let us be anxiously upon our guard
against a delusion so dangerous as this. Let us beware of
saying Lord, Lord, if our hearts convict us of not trying to
do the things which our Lord commands. Let us beware
how we comfort ourselves with attendance upon religious
rites, even the highest and holiest sacrament of the Gospel
if we are not moved thereto by love and longing to grow,
through the grace of the Lord, into the image of the Saviour’s
holiness.

And now, do we discover any features of our own charac-
ter in these several classes ? The openly wicked, the se-
cretly sinful, the worldly man destitute of the love of Christ,
or the self deluded Christian who is vainly putting the
profession or the form of Godliness in the place of the power
of it ? If so let us awake from our sins ere it be too late.
We know not how soon it may be too late. The rolling of
the Lord’s chariot wheels as He comes to Judgement might
arouse us this very night, and O then it will be too late to
cry for mercy when it is the time of Judgement. O men of
evil lives! who put the thought of God far from you, what
will your wickedness profit when lie comes to take ven-
geance on those who know Him not, and the day of repent-
ance is forever past and over? O men of double
dealing and of hidden sin! what shall we do in
that day when every disguise shall be stripped away,
and ye shall stand naked and shuddering before the
great White Throne? O men of worldly devices and
worldly honor! who have never thought of, nor cared for the
love of God, what shall we answer Him who died that He
might teach you to do right, not for your own reputation but
for the love of Him? O men of zeal for some special sys-
tem of doctrine, or for or against some outward form of
worship — who have praised God with your lips while you
have dishonored Him in your lives! how shall ye endure
that day when you shall stand before Him in your true
character to whom you have come so near but whom still
you have never known ? Oh, my Christian Brethren, there
is but one way for us all, but one refuge from the terrors of
the Judgment, and that is to prepare for the coming of the
Lord while the day of salvation lasteth. We can none of
us have any one to flee unto for safety, but One alone : He
Who will one day be our Judge, from the face of Whose
majesty the heavens and earth shall flee away. He is still
our most merciful Redeemer, bearing with us in our sins,
patient with us in our iniquities, seeking by His wondrous
long suffering to lead us to repentance. He yearns over us
with a compassion too deep for human lips to tell. He en-
treats you, by us, to turn from all evil and to be reconciled
to God. He strives within us by His blessed Spirit seeking
to turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the just ; longing
to save, reluctant to condemn ; very pitiful and of tender
mercy, not willing that any should perish but that all
should come to repentance.

But this coming to Him must be a definite coming. We
must not be content with a mere internal act of the mind
which people call ” casting ourselves upon Christ.” We
must come to Him through His own ordinances appointed
for this very thing. He must be sought in the prayers and
acts of His own Body, the Church. “Come ye,” as it is
written in this very chapter, ” and let us go up to the
Mountain of the Lord, to the House of the God of Jacob,
and He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His
paths.” And to this end we multiply our services during
the Advent Season, that men may thus seek Him and find
Him Who is our only hope — and may thus be taught to
celebrate the commemoration of His first coming with a
sacred joy, by gathering round His Holy Table and thus
grow meet to sit down at the Marriage Supper of the
Lamb.